👉 Copying computing is a paradigm in computer science where the goal is to efficiently and accurately replicate the behavior or output of a computational system, often a software program or hardware device, without direct access to its source code or internal workings. This approach is particularly useful when the system's functionality is complex, proprietary, or when direct access is restricted. By focusing on observable outputs and interactions, copying computing leverages techniques such as emulation, virtualization, and dynamic reconfiguration to create a functional copy. This method enables researchers, developers, and security analysts to study, test, or reverse-engineer systems in a controlled environment, facilitating innovation, debugging, and security analysis without the need for the original system's direct involvement or access to its internal details.